The Long History of Sericulture and Silk Industry in Sichuan

Sericulture silk in Sichuan has a long history of more than 6000 years. It is one of the birthplaces of silk industry in China ". In the long history, it has experienced a historical process that originated from ancient times, flourished in the Qin and Han dynasties, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties, stagnated in the Yuan, and resumed in the Ming and Qing dynasties. During the period of the Republic of China, it also experienced prosperity, decline, revival and decline. Since ancient times, farmers and people have mostly planted mulberry and sericulture, reeling and weaving silk as their family sideline. Every year cocoon reeling season, social economy is active. Silk fabrics can not only be used for tax deduction, but are often hidden in the national treasury. Sericulture silk not only promotes the development of politics and economy with its unique function, and becomes an indispensable important content of social life, but also becomes an important representative of China's long and glorious culture, which has an important influence and contribution to human civilization.

After the establishment of the the People's Republic of China, the development of sericulture and silk industry in Sichuan entered a new historical period. Gradually formed a self-contained system of mulberry, silkworm, species, cocoon, silk, silk, clothing, domestic trade, foreign trade, machinery, inspection, scientific research, education, complete categories, reasonable layout, a wide range of export-oriented pillar industries, the development of contemporary Sichuan economy plays an important role. Sichuan has not only become China's largest and most important cocoon, silk base and important silk product base, but also occupies a very important position in the world silk industry.

1. Silk Industry in Ancient Times

The origin of sericulture in Sichuan is ancient. As early as the period of primitive society, the Shushan clan, who lived in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, found that wild silkworm cocoons, silk can be woven silk, long-term livestock and feeding, domesticated as silkworm. There are many accounts in ancient books of the clan leader, the silkworm clump, teaching people to raise silkworms. "Shu was first named silkworm cluster and taught people sericulture." ① "The silkworm is flourishing in Shu, so Shu is called the silkworm clump, and Shu is also the silkworm. The poem says: 'The people are flourishing in Shu, the people are flourishing in the mulberry field, the hazel is flourishing in the mountains, and the people who have the silkworm clump are fed to teach the people and animals, and their benefits are due to the king's name of the silkworm clump." "The silkworm clan was originally the Marquis of Shu and later called the King of Shu. He taught the people to raise silkworms. Later generations felt it and respected them as gods. He also built a silkworm clump temple in the southwest of Chengdu government, which was called Qingyi God."®Qing Jiaqing's "Sichuan Tongzhi" records that the ancient silkworm clan tomb is located in the southwest corner of Chengdu County, the side of Shengshou Temple and the east of Jinhua Bridge. Silkworm clump or clump emperor temple and Qingyi temple are built in the west of Chengdu Prefecture, the south of Shuangliu County, Pixian County and Qingshen County. As a result, later generations to "silkworm cluster" two words on behalf of Bashu, called Bashu "silkworm cluster ancient country".

In ancient times, Bashu had myths about the origin of sericulture. Ancient books such as "Taiping Guangji", "Soushen Ji" and "Shu Tu Jing" all have the theory of the silkworm god Ma Tou Niang. Later, it evolved into the legend of Xuanyuan Huangdi's concubine Lei Zu who started silkworm to govern silk. Lei Zu was sacrificed by later generations as the first silkworm. These myths from wild silkworm. These myths, zhao Rui, a hermit of Yanting in Tang Dynasty, a family of Tao Lue and a teacher of Li Bai, wrote the inscription "The Holy Land of Leizu" for Leixuan Palace in Jinji Town of Xiu Rong County in Kaiyuan Dynasty. It said: "Leizu, Concubine of the Yellow Emperor Yuan Dynasty, was born in the ancestral mountain of Leizu". Up to now, the folk legends of Lei Zu's rule of silk have been passed down from generation to generation in Jinji and Gao Deng towns of Yanting County. There are still historical sites, cultural place names, temples and unearthed cultural relics related to Lei Zu). When Xia Yu, Bashu already had silk fabrics, "Yu will be the princes in Huiji, the people who hold jade and silk will be all over the world, and Bashu will go to Yan". In the mid -1970 s, a silkworm bronze in the early Western Zhou Dynasty unearthed in Chengdu Jiaotong Lane, and the Warring States bronze pot unearthed in Chengdu Baihuatan in 1965 were embedded with images of many people busy picking mulberry, all of which confirmed the origin of silkworm in Bashu.

As early as the Warring States period, Shu brocade has gradually rise. Shu brocade became an important commodity exchanged with various tribes in the southwest region. With the neighboring areas to exchange needed goods, it opened up and gradually formed an international cultural transportation road from Chengdu to Central Asia via Yunnan, Myanmar, India (ancient drug country) and Pakistan. It was called "Shu body drug road" in history, which was called "Southwest Silk Road" (or "Southern Silk Road") in later generations. According to textual research, this ancient road is two centuries earlier than the "Northwest Silk Road" opened by Zhang Qian in the Western Regions in the second century BC and the "Maritime Silk Road" in the southeast recorded in "Han Shu · Geography. This ancient road has historically promoted exchanges between Asian and European countries and China, and has played an important role in the development of Chinese and foreign society, economy, culture, and transportation. Sichuan silk fabrics were exported, and the Northwest Silk Road was the main channel after the Qin and Han Dynasties.

In ancient China, there was a tradition of the emperor's pro-farming and the latter's pro-silkworm; the tradition of men's mu and women's mulberry, and the feudal society mostly implemented the national policy of "equal emphasis on farming and mulberry" and "equal emphasis on farming and weaving. The emperors of the Western Han Dynasty, Jing, Yuan Dynasty and Ming Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty all ordered the concubines to feed silkworms, which was the first in the world. By the late Western Han Dynasty, "the industry of female workers in Shu was covered with clothes all over the world", and Bashu "made of silk, cloth and silk, and covered the world with clothes". Shuzhong officials and common people "around Lu tree mulberry", "the buildings look at each other, and the mulberry is connected."®Slave boys plant mulberry "three zhangs and one tree, eight feet for the line, fruit type phase, vertical and horizontal."

During the Three Kingdoms period, there were frequent wars in the Central Plains, the silk weaving industry in Linzi and Xiangyi was destroyed repeatedly, and the center of the silk weaving industry gradually moved westward to Bashu, which was a great transfer of the silk weaving industry in ancient China. The financial difficulties of Shu Han encouraged mulberry planting and silkworm raising and the development of silk weaving industry. Zhuge Liang proposed that "the people are poor and the country is empty, and the enemy's capital is the only way to support the brocade". The silk weaving industry has become an important financial source for the Shu government. The salaries of officials, the allocation of military capital, good-neighborly diplomatic relations and the reward of officials use more Shu brocade. And the implementation of the "temporary rest of the public, concentrate on farming mulberry" policy, county guards, county magistrates are to persuade the farming mulberry as their duty, to promote the development of Bashu sericulture, and Qilu as the country's two major sericulture base. Zhuge Liang claimed in "The List of Teachers" that in Chengdu "there are 800 mulberry plants, 15 hectares of thin fields, food and clothing for his children, and he has his own spare."

Legend has it that Zhuge Liang personally planted 800 mulberry plants in Ge Mo (now Shuangliu County) to encourage officials and people to plant mulberry and raise silkworms. At that time, silk fabrics are generally called "silk", according to its texture can be divided into brocade, Luo, yarn, onyx, silk, oil, twill, qi and other categories, brocade color matching has reached four or five colors, and has adopted gold silk, silver silk technology, in the national brocade industry has characteristics. The exquisite and precious brocade and embroidery of the Han Dynasty is known as the "double wall" of the silk weaving technique of the Han Dynasty ". Shu Han set up "Jin Guan" to supervise the manufacture of silk brocade, and set up government textile institutions to make Shu brocade and its costumes for the court and government, while the folk had large and small workshops. Chengdu is the production and operation center of silk weaving, "in the cabinet, the house of tricks. The hundred rooms are away from the room, and the machine is in phase with each other. Bei Jin Fei Cheng, Zhuo color Jiang Bo".

According to historical records such as "Huayang Guozhi", "Shui Jing Zhu Jiang Shui Pian", "Sichuan Tongzhi" and other historical records, Chengdu's rivers are bright, while Zhuo's rivers are weak, so Chengdu is named "Jincheng" and "Jinguan City", and Jiangshui is called "Jinjiang". Shu Han was often at war with Wei and Wu, but Wei and Wu still purchased Shu brocade through various channels. "Jiangdong has not had any brocade in the past dynasties, but Chengdu is only called wonderful. Therefore, in the Three Kingdoms, Wei was the city in Shu, and Wu also owned the west Shu, so there was one"®With the expansion of the Shu Han Dynasty to Yunnan and Guizhou, Zhuge Liang once sent Jin Gong to the Miao and Dong areas in Yunnan, Guizhou to teach brocade weaving techniques, so the later Miao and Dong people all called their brocade "Wuhou brocade" and "Zhuge brocade".

In the two Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty, when the equal land system was implemented in Shuzhong, the fields were dictated. In addition to 80 mu for men and 20 mu for women, each person gave another 20 mu of Yongye fields as mulberry fields, which played a positive role in the development of sericulture production. At this time, Bashu silk fabrics were mainly distributed in Shu County, Guanghan County, Qianwei County, Zitong County, Ba County and Brazil County, and their production scale, weaving technology and product texture style maintained the level of the Qin and Han Dynasties and developed steadily. Due to the extravagance of the Sui Dynasty, the court and the official family intensified the plunder of silk fabrics. A large number of silk brocade fabrics were paid tribute in Shu, and some counties and counties took the silk and silk produced locally as tribute and official salaries. During the Song Dynasty, Shoushan Qianzhi of Danyang County recruited hundreds of brocade workers from Bashu to set up the official brocade workshop "Dou Chang Brocade Department" (management brocade organization) in Dou Chang of Wancheng City, and the technique of Shu brocade spread to the south of the Yangtze River.

The unprecedented social and economic prosperity of Sichuan in the Tang Dynasty brought about the heyday of the silk industry in history. Folk mulberry sericulture, silk reeling weaving has become a common practice. The silk weaving industry is widely distributed and the production scale is large. The official camp brocade and the folk silk weaving handicraft industry are both very developed. The weaving technology is highly developed. The fabric structure is becoming more and more complex. The decoration is excellent, especially the brocade technology is more mature. The Shu brocade in the Tang and Song dynasties represents the highest level of silk weaving skills in ancient China and is famous all over the world. In the early Tang Dynasty, the technique of Shu brocade had a major reform from texture, pattern to color. To the middle Tang Dynasty, brocade from the warp jacquard to the weft, from the brocade to the weft brocade, is a major breakthrough in ancient Chinese silk weaving technology. At that time, Shu brocade was rigorous in composition and perfect in shape. It was mainly decorated with realistic flowers and birds, animals, pheasants, sheep fighting, Xiangfeng, Youlin, etc. Many patterns were elegant and luxurious, which became the characteristics of Shu brocade in Tang Dynasty. The printing and dyeing technology has also developed greatly. The dyeing of Shu brocade has reached more than 20 colors, mainly red. The so-called "scarlet in Shu" makes the decoration of Shu brocade luxuriant, colorful and unique.

In the Tang Dynasty, the silk weaving industry was widely distributed, and the main producing areas of silk weaving were beneficial (now Chengdu) and Peng (Peng County), shu (Chongqing), Han (Guanghan), Zi (Santai), Sui (Suining), Mian (Mianyang), Jian (Jiange), Jian (Jianyang), Zi (Zizhong), Mei (Meishan), Jia (Leshan), Qiong (Qionglai), Ya (Ya 'an), Ling (Renshou), Pu (Anyue), Guo (Nanchong), Lang (Zhong), ba (Bazhong), Peng (Pengan), Ji (Nanjiang), Bi (Tongjiang), Qu (Quxian), Tong (Daxian), Kai (Kaixian), He (Hechuan), Li (Guangyuan), Long (Jiangyou) 28 states, it accounts for about 1/3 of the country's 87 silk-producing states. Yi, Shu, Han, Peng and other states are also rich in Shu Luo (monofilament Luo, high Thoreau, white Luo, Huang Luo and five halo Luo and other varieties). Later, the emergence of weaving gold Luo, the weaving technology to a new level.

When Tang Zhongzong married Princess Anle, Bashu offered monofilament Biluo cage skirt, with wisps of gold as flowers and birds, as thin as hair, as big as millet, eyes, nose and mouth armour, which can only be seen by those who can improve their eyesight. It is the representative work of Shu Luo's most refined weaving skills in the Tang Dynasty. In addition, the more famous silk fabrics in the Tang Dynasty include Suizhou's Ailanthus, Zizhou's Shui-bo Ailanthus, Mianzhou's coiled silk, Jiazhou's bird head silk, Langzhou's heavy lotus silk, Lingzhou's Exi silk, Pengzhou and Hanzhou's shuttle yarn, and Hanzhou, Mianzhou, Puzhou's double training (silk rope). At that time, the government-run silk weaving organization, the central government under the supervision of the Ministry of Weaving and Dyeing, the palace set up the "Inner Eight Works" and the Court Bureau, specializing in weaving palace brocade; the two capitals and the major states set up the "Guan Jin Fang". Sichuan is rich in silk fabrics of the state, more than set up the official camp of the silk brocade workshop.

During the reign of Emperor Gaozong, Emperor Dezong and Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu opened silkworm markets in Qianyuanguan, Longxinguan and Yan Zhenguan every spring and March. They not only traded silkworm wares, farm tools, flowers and trees, herbs and other goods, but also became a place for material exchange in all walks of life, Taoist activities and bureaucratic feasts. Jiannan Xichuan festival envoy Wei Gao wrote "silkworm city text". In the Song Dynasty and later years, Chengdu and nearby prefectures and counties still followed the custom of opening silkworm cities in spring and March. Su Shi wrote "Silkworm City Poetry" in Meizhou: "One thousand people cultivate ten thousand people's food, and one year's hard work and one spring leisure; Silkworm is still the city when you are free, and you forget to work hard and be happy." With the development of the silk industry, the variety of silk fabrics in Sichuan to the court increased dramatically and became an important source of finance for the Tang Dynasty. According to the book of Tang, Yizhou uses silk and silk for spring color (colored silk), and once a tribute, it is adjusted to collect 100000 pieces of colored silk. After the mid-Tang Dynasty, Shu brocade became a famous textile marketing throughout the country and exported overseas. Japan still preserves the Tang Dynasty Shu brocade.

Although the Tang Dynasty Sichuan silk weaving industry is quite developed, but the Tang Dynasty in the early imperial court regulations chapter service hierarchy strict, the general officials, the common people are not allowed to take high-grade silk fabrics, high-grade silk fabric production, circulation for the government to control, all products handed in, the people are not free to buy and sell. In the 16th year of Kaiyuan (728), it was stipulated that "those who should serve the pleats, the five products have been put on, and the general oil, twill and Luo; The six products have been given small twill, except for the head, they are not allowed to serve Luo Ju, and their nests alone embroidered twill". "The flow outside and the common people cannot bear noil, twill, Luo, and tuber". After the Anshi Rebellion, the hierarchy of the chapter service was abolished, and the army and soldiers could take high-grade silk fabrics, coupled with the prevalence of luxury in the future, the consumption of silk fabrics increased greatly, further promoting the development of the silk industry.

Due to the influence of the war in the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty, the development of sericulture and silk weaving industry in Sichuan was once slow. After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty regime, vigorously restored the development of agricultural mulberry, Sichuan agriculture and silk industry quickly resumed development, planting mulberry sericulture, reeling silk weaving silk several times throughout Sichuan, silk weaving skills reached a new height, Sichuan and Jiangsu, Zhejiang as the country's three major silk weaving industry center, after the Tang Dynasty, Sichuan silk industry is another prosperous period. In the Tang Dynasty and before, Sichuan silk weaving industry centers were located in Chengdu and western Sichuan. In the Song Dynasty, a new silk weaving industry center centered on Zizhou emerged in the central and northern Sichuan. There were thousands of woven households in Zizhou.

Song Dynasty Sichuan silk fabrics have silk, Luo, silk, satin, yarn, silk and other categories, weaving exquisite, excellent texture. Satin fabric, historians said it began in Song Dynasty and Tang Dynasty. Silk fabrics in the Tang Dynasty have found satin weave, but satin fabrics have been widely used since the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Twisted gold satin, Qiao gold satin, makeup flower satin, woven gold satin, dark flower satin and ba satin have appeared one after another. Satin weave was widely used and popular in the Ming Dynasty. There are many kinds of Shu brocade in the Song Dynasty. The Shu brocade in the Yuan Dynasty is divided into 4 kinds and 39 kinds listed in the Shu brocade Spectrum. The patterns are various, the colors are simple and elegant, the jacquard is accurate, the brocade surface is smooth and fine. The brocade technology can bring poetry and painting into brocade and embroidery, and the ink halo color is truly woven. The style is elegant and elegant ".

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Chengdu brocade artists created "falling flowers flowing water brocade" according to the poetry of the Tang Dynasty that "peach blossoms and flowing water go away, and there is a different world from the world". They did not stick to certain forms in terms of organization, pattern and color matching, but fully reflected the theme of falling flowers and flowing water, forming a unique genre. Until the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the brocade workshops in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Fujian, Jin and other provinces all followed and developed the style and genre of "falling flowers and flowing water brocade. With the prosperity of the silk weaving industry, the dyeing process in Sichuan in the Song Dynasty also developed greatly. In addition to mining and using mineral dyes such as danqing, shiqing, shihuang, powder tin, lead Dan, etc., plant dyes such as safflower, bluegrass, soap bucket, moxa, etc. were planted in the countryside, and dyeing shops specializing in the sale of dyes appeared in the city. In the Song Dynasty, Sichuan began to use brocade silk fabrics to mount calligraphy and painting inscriptions, a technique that has been passed down to this day. In the fourth year of Gande in Song Taizu (966), the court transferred 200 Jin Gong from Sichuan to the capital to create the "Ling Jin Yuan".

In the sixth year of Yuan Feng of Shen Zong (1083), the Chengdu governor founded the "Chengdu House Brocade Academy". At first, there were 80 military craftsmen, but later it developed to have 127 computer rooms, 154 looms, more than 580 military craftsmen, and an annual output of more than 1500 brocades. The brocade institute is tightly organized, the division of labor is meticulous, the process is strict, and the skill level is quite high. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the source of war horses was exhausted. In the third year of Gaozong Jianyan (1129), Chengdu established the "Tea Horse Division Brocade Academy", weaving silk and brocade quilts according to the needs of buying war horses, and converting the horse price. In the fourth year of Xiaozong's Gan Road (1168), the Tea Ma Si Jin Yuan merged with the Chengdu Fu Jin Yuan. During the more than 200 years from the fifth year of Gande in the Northern Song Dynasty to the eighth year of Gande in the Southern Song Dynasty (967-1172), there were about 9600 pieces of high-grade fabrics such as Jinqi from the state treasury each year, of which Sichuan weaves about 20%.

During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, Sichuan's silk industry was basically in a period of wandering and stagnation, and Sichuan's position as the center of the national silk weaving industry was greatly reduced. The technique and style of Sichuan brocade in the Yuan Dynasty were imitated in the Song Dynasty, which was characterized by the fact that Fanjin was mostly woven with gold, and the gold weaving technique surpassed that of the Song Dynasty, occupying a place in the history of brocade. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were 10 kinds of gold brocades woven with Chang'an bamboo, Tianxiaole, carving troupe, lion troupe, elephant eye, Yinan, Fangsheng, Baojiedi, eight flogging and iron stem inlaid with lotus, which were popular all over the country, and were known as "Sichuan Ten Kinds of Brocade".

In the early Ming Dynasty, the government implemented the policy of persuading farming and mulberry and developing the silk weaving industry, so that the sericulture and silk industry in Sichuan had a certain recovery and development. During the period of Hongwu (from 1368 to 1398), the imperial court stipulated that if the land was between five mu and ten mu, half an mu of mulberry and hemp would be planted, which would be twice as much as that of more than ten mu, and those who did not would be given a silk horse. Soldiers in the field planted 100 mulberry and jujube plants each. These regulations have promoted the development of cocoon silk in Sichuan. At that time, in Langzhong, Cangxi and other places in northern Sichuan, "mulberry plants were flourishing, green and overcast, female mulberry aunts were soft, and under the jagged wall". At that time, the famous Shanxi Lu silk and Fujian silk silk were all water silk made of inter-cocoon reeling. In the Ming Dynasty, the Sichuan Cloth Administration Bureau set up a dyeing and weaving bureau, and the Shu King's Mansion set up a brocade workshop to weave brocade tributes, but the scale was not large, and the products were not many and the price was very high. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Sichuan suffered from the disaster of war and the silk industry suffered an unprecedented catastrophe. The household registration of Chengdu in Jincheng was suddenly damaged, and more than half of them fled. Not many Jingong and weavers stayed in Sichuan. "Huayang County Annals" said: "Shu since the Ming season after the war, Jin Fang destroyed, there is no pattern, today only Sun Jin a kind, spread as a legacy cloud."

In the Qing Dynasty, the national policy of paying equal attention to agriculture and mulberry was implemented, and the development of sericulture was encouraged. During the years of Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng, the prefectures and counties in Sichuan strongly advocated mulberry planting and silkworm rearing and the development of the silk weaving industry, which enabled the rapid recovery and development of the sericulture industry. "It is customary to have mulberry trees under the walls of Shu and to raise silkworms in the house".

An Hongde, the magistrate of Mianzhu County, wrote "Mulberry Planting Law" and "Silkworm Raising Law" during the Qianlong period, which listed the main technical points of Chen respectively and published various townships to guide farmers to plant mulberry and raise silkworms. During Daoguang, Fengji, the magistrate of Guangyuan County, drew the "Twelve Things of Silkworm and Mulberry" according to the activities of silkworm, which was carved into a tablet by Xiao Lou's family (the existing Huangze Temple in Guangyuan) to persuade sericulture lessons. When Xianfeng was in Xichong, the magistrate of Xichong county made it clear that "after Gu Yu, the lawsuit will be stopped, and the difference will not be to the countryside, and the silkworm time will not be missed." In the Qing Dynasty, sericulture in Sichuan was widely distributed, including Langzhong, Nanchong and Xichong, Chengdu, Huayang, Shuangliu, Wenjiang, Dayi and Qiongzhou in western Sichuan, Neijiang, Renshou and Jingyan in southern Sichuan, and Baxian, Jiangjin, Changshou, Wanxian and Zhongxian in eastern Sichuan. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the silk weaving industry in Sichuan developed from relatively concentrated in western and northern Sichuan to eastern and southern Sichuan. In addition to Shu brocade, Chongqing's satin and Leshan's Jiading silk are famous all over the country. Nanchong's flower plain silk, flower silk, lake crepe and Langzhong's Sichuan North silk are all famous at that time. In the Qing Dynasty, the silk weaving industry was mainly government-run, and weaving yamen were built in Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou and other developed cities.

During the Xianfeng years of the Qing Dynasty, the Taiping Army captured Nanjing and controlled the Soviet and Hangzhou belts. The Qing royal family relocated the weaving mansion of Jiangning (now Nanjing) to Chengdu to weave various brocades for the court. The Qing Dynasty Shu brocade patterns still imitate the Tang and Song dynasties, but a large number of Ruyi, Bogu, Longfeng, Ying Opera and Fu Lu Shou Xi, Mei Lan Ju Zhu are unique in their themes. The decoration, conception and style of the three brocades woven in the late Qing Dynasty, "Fang Fang", "Rain Silk" and "Yuehua Sanxian", all reached a state of perfection, which is called "three unique in the late Qing Dynasty" in the history of Shu brocade ". In 1908, Shu brocade won the gold medal at the Panama Exposition.

Sichuan to silk for land Fu began in the East Han Emperor Guang'an area, after the generations to pay taxes, the amount of second only to rice millet. During the Three Kingdoms period, each household collected 2 catties of silk and 2 catties of silk. In the Jin Dynasty, every household of Ding men collected 3 catties of silk and 3 catties of silk and floss, while women and those who were not old enough were halved. In the Six Dynasties, not only silk and silk floss were collected, but mulberry could also be rented to ring military food. In the Sui Dynasty, the national treasury became richer and the tax amount was reduced. Each household collected 1 silk, which was later reduced to 2 zhangs of silk and 0.5kg. The Tang Dynasty stipulated that taxes should be levied on silk, silk and cloth. With the local soil, each ding silk and silk should be 2 zhangs each, while cloth should be 2.5 zhangs. Those who lose silk should lose cotton 3 liang and those who lose cloth should lose 3 jin. The amount collected in the Song Dynasty doubled to the Tang Dynasty, first according to the Tang system to pay silk fabrics, and then changed the two tax laws, with money as a tax, but the summer tax still pay silk fabrics. The Song Dynasty also created the method of "buying silk with peace". In spring, the government pre-lends money to the people, and in Xia Qiumin, the people exported silk to the government, making an appointment to buy and sell, and trading peacefully. Therefore, it is also called "buying with peace" and "buying in advance". The Yuan Dynasty levied 1.6 catties of summer tax silk. The Ming Dynasty summer tax wheat, autumn tax rice, no longer levy silk silk products.

The depiction of the ancient silk reeling car was first seen in the Song Dynasty Lou Tao's "Gengweave Figure", and its specific structure is unknown. After the Yuan Dynasty in Sichuan, the structure of the silk reeling car was greatly improved, and the two-person silk reeling car was widely used in the Ming Dynasty. The structure of the silk loom in the Qing Dynasty was quite complex, and there were more heavy and changing tissues in the weaving technique. In 1899, Wei Jie, a Sichuan native, wrote the "Sericulture Collection" compiled by the Zhili Sericulture Bureau, saying: "The method of making machines can be used by all provinces, and the best ones are Wu and Shu." The Sichuan Museum collects a wooden Shu brocade loom from the Jia and Dao years of the Qing Dynasty, which is more perfect and exquisite than the Ming Dynasty loom.

Li Wei, Invited Vice President of Sichuan Silk Association